The prostate, or the prostate iron is located at the base of the bladder.The organ produces seed fluid, which during ejaculation is thrown into the urethra.The secret of the prostate gland creates optimal conditions for the life of spermatozoa outside the body of a man.
Facts about the prostate
The activity of the prostate is controlled by men's sex hormones.During puberty, the level of testosterone increases, which causes active growth of the prostate gland.The prostate has the maximum volume in 20-40 years.
Prostatitis
The causative agent of infectious prostatitis in most cases is bacteria or viruses.Less commonly, the disease can be a complication of inflammatory urological diseases - epididymitis, urethritis, cystitis.
Non -infectious prostatitis in its manifestations practically does not differ from the infectious.The differences relate to the results of the examination: in this type of disease, the pathogen is not detected.
Symptoms
In most cases, prostatitis begins acutely.There are three forms of acute prostate damage:
- Catarrhal, accompanied by a slight disorder of urination and mild soreness behind the pubis and in the area of the anus.
- Folicular, in which urination and soreness are expressed stronger.
- Purulent, accompanied by severe pain, fever, deterioration of general condition and problems with urine discharge.The spread of infection to the scrotum leads to inflammation of the testicles (orchitis).Sometimes purulent abscesses in the pelvis occur.
Without treatment, the disease goes into a chronic form.Acute symptoms subside, manifesting periodically during hypothermia, in the offseason (spring-fast).
Sometimes the disease immediately acquires a chronic course.In this case, the symptoms of the disease increase gradually, which forces many men to associate them not with prostatitis, but with age -related changes.
In chronic prostatitis, there are:
- frequent urination, the appearance of sudden urge, especially at night;
- slow, intermittent, weak pressure of urine;
- pain during ejaculation;
- Problems with potency.
Pathological changes affect the walls of the bladder, kidneys and nerve plexuses going to the prostate.This leads to the appearance of lower back pain and difficulties with urine’s discharge.There is pain during erection and ejaculation.
Unpleasant phenomena subside when prescribing adequate treatment.The sooner the patient begins to be treated, the higher the chance to completely restore health.
To make a diagnosis of prostatitis,:
- general examination, history of the anamnesis, assessment of complaints and the severity of symptoms;
- a finger rectal examination, during which the size of the prostate, its density and other parameters are determined;
- The study of the smear, urine and seed fluid on the SPPP.
Treatment of prostatitis
Treatment is selected depending on the causes of chronic inflammation in the prostate gland.In the case of infection, a well -selected course of drugs can completely eliminate the cause of the inflammatory process.
In case of complications, treatment is aimed at eliminating them.The patient is prescribed drugs and procedures that improve microcirculation that relieve edema that eliminate pain and normalize the function of the gland.
It is easier to treat inflammation of the prostate gland when diagnosed at the beginning of the development of the disease.However, modern medicine allows helping patients in whom the disease has become chronic.
To prevent exacerbations of the chronic form of the disease, an anti -aircraft treatment is carried out to control the course of prostatitis, avoiding complications.
For this, prostate massage, intake and anti -inflammatory drugs are prescribed.In advanced chronic cases, when treatment does not give the desired effect, surgical removal of the prostate gland is carried out.
Important factors about prostatitis
- The appointment of treatment is possible only after making an accurate diagnosis.
- In advanced cases, you can significantly improve the patient's condition and improve the quality of his life.
- The disappearance of symptoms of prostatitis is not an indication for the end of treatment.
- The disease does not go into cancer.
- Prostatitis is not a reason to refuse sex, except for an acute period, accompanied by pain during erection and ejaculation.
Prostate adenoma
Adenoma - benign hyperplasia (increase) of the prostate gland.In recent years, the disease has been “younger”.Cases of an increase in prostate are found even of patients of 30 years of age.In this group, the probability of detecting adenoma is about 10%.
At the age of 65, an increased prostate is detected in every second man.In patients over 70 years old, the dimensions of the prostate gland exceed the norm in almost 90% of cases.
A dangerous manifestation of prostate adenoma is the formation of nodes compressing the urethra.Knot formations are growing slowly, because violation of urination develops gradually.
According to the most common theory, the development of prostate adenoma is a consequence of hormonal imbalance, which develops with age in the body of a man.
Symptoms
Every fourth patient notes difficulties in urination.The strong muscles of the bladder at first are able to squeeze the urine outward.However, as the adenoma progresses, compensatory mechanisms cease to cope, and the patient has problems with urination:
- intermittent stream;
- weak "pressure" of urine;
- tightening of the urination process;
- a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
- Spasmiating pains.
The more the adenoma becomes, the more pronounced the symptoms become.The urge becomes more often and begin to bother at night.In advanced cases, a paradoxical phenomenon is formed: the constant irritation of the wall of the bladder leads to its uncontrolled reduction and urinary incontinence.
The stagnant phenomena of the bladder lead to its inflammation (cysti) and provoke the formation of stones.Gradually, the infection rises to the kidneys, causing their purulent inflammation - pyelonephritis.The expansion of the bowl-light apparatus of the kidney-hydronephrosis may develop.As a result, the patient has renal failure.
Constant straining during urination in elderly patients causes hearts and blood vessels.Even cases of strokes that arose when trying to “squeeze” urine are described.
Diagnostics
On examination, the urologist evaluates the physical condition of the patient and his prostate gland.The prostate assessment involves determining its size, consistency and form.
The patient prescribes a general analysis of the urine, an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, an ultrasound of the bladder to determine the level of residual urine, ultrasound of the prostate gland using a rectal sensor, cystoscopy and urofluometry.The number of necessary examinations may vary depending on the characteristics of the course of the disease.
Treatment
You can reduce the severity of symptoms in a variety of ways.The most effective of them are the adjustment of the drinking regime, the rejection of coffee and alcohol.In this case, the calls at night will bother the patient much less.
For the treatment of prostate adenoma, two groups of drugs are used:
- Alpha blockers enhancing the outflow of urine along the urinary tract.Patients note an improvement in the condition almost immediately after the start of treatment.Side effects include dizziness, decreased blood pressure, general weakness.
- Preparations that block testosterone reduce the gland.The effect is noticeable after a few months.
Currently, the most effective and safe is the combined purpose of alpha blockers and testosterone blockers.
Transuretral excision of the prostate is the most effective way to remove adenoma and restore normal urination.Conducting surgical intervention does not require the performance of skin cuts.All tools and camera are introduced through the urethra.Prostate fabrics are removed by a manipulator equipped with an electric loop.